The Artist's Toolkit: Visual Elements and Principles
Explore the Toolkit
See Artists In Action
Encyclopedia
 

Line
Shape
Color
Space
Texture

Balance
Emphasis
Movement/
Rhythm

The Artist's Toolkit: Visual Elements and Principles
EncyclopediaBalance

 

In this painting, represented texture plays an important part in creating asymmetrical balance. The figure of the girl wears a black dress covered by a smooth white smock and a soft white shawl. The texture of the colorful embroideries to the viewer's left balances the smooth surfaces of the young girl's clothing.

Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas, Portrait of Mademoiselle Hortense Valpinçon, About 1871, Oil on mattress ticking, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, The John R. Van Derlip Fund

Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas
Portrait of Mademoiselle Hortense Valpinçon
About 1871
Oil on mattress ticking
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
The John R. Van Derlip Fund
Enlarge

 

Removing the main figure reveals the large, lush textural background that Degas used to counterbalance the figure.

Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas, Portrait of Mademoiselle Hortense Valpinçon with main figure removed, About 1871, Oil on mattress ticking, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, The John R. Van Derlip Fund

Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas
Portrait of Mademoiselle Hortense Valpinçon with main figure removed
About 1871
Oil on mattress ticking
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
The John R. Van Derlip Fund
Enlarge

 

This asymmetrical composition is organized around a diagonal axis. The red square at the lower right is balanced by the large amount of white space in the upper portion of the painting. The parallel black diagonal lines near the top of the composition create tension between shapes and space.

Jean-Albert Gorin, Composition #37, 1937, Oil on wood, Walker Art Center, T.B. Walker Foundation Acquisition, Gift of Archie D. and Bertha H. Walker Foundation

Jean-Albert Gorin
Composition #37
1937
Oil on wood
Walker Art Center
T.B. Walker Foundation Acquisition, Gift of Archie D. and Bertha H. Walker Foundation
Enlarge

 

This composition is arranged around a center point, like the spokes of a bicycle wheel or the rays of the sun. This is called radial balance.

Jan Dibbets, Cupola, 1985-1986, Color photographs, watercolor, pencil, glass pencil on paper mounted on chipboard, Walker Art Center, Walker Special Purchase Fund, 1988

Jan Dibbets
Cupola
1985-1986
Color photographs, watercolor, pencil, glass pencil on paper mounted on chipboard
Walker Art Center
Walker Special Purchase Fund, 1988
Enlarge

 

In the five-pronged star at the center of this basket we see another interpretation of the sun, radiating out toward the edges. The radial design is an integral part of the way the basket was woven.

Pima, Coiled Basket, 19th-20th century, Plant fibers, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, The Ethel Morrison Van Derlip Fund

Pima
Coiled Basket
19th-20th century
Plant fibers
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
The Ethel Morrison Van Derlip Fund
Enlarge

 

Various methods of achieving balance can be discussed separately, but in fact artists usually use several of them together. In this painting balance is achieved through equal amounts of contrasting, complementary colors, the centrally placed house, and the even distribution of brushstrokes across the entire canvas.

Maurice de Vlaminck, The Blue House, 1906, Oil on canvas, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Bequest of Putnam Dana McMillan

Maurice de Vlaminck
The Blue House
1906
Oil on canvas
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Bequest of Putnam Dana McMillan
Enlarge

Symmetry and Asymmetry  |  Color  |  Other Types of Balance

 
Walker Art Center The Minneapolis Institute of Arts ArtsConnectEd